Stress as an external factor that usually have adverse effects on plant leaves, is described. In mo

Have Kvazvrb agricultural crop exports and imports of transformer Flvbvnd Marketing Services Project Management Project del monte grapefruit Management Projects Projects undertaken by the company under the Companies Tehran Companies Tdbyrgran industrial oils industry worth Spadana Contact Us Gallery flower fruit tree cultivation del monte grapefruit
Stress as an external factor that usually have adverse effects on plant leaves, is described. In most cases, stress-related growth (biomass accumulation) or primary processes of assimilation (absorption of CO 2 and minerals), associated with the overall growth of the plant is measured. Plants growing under natural conditions, are continuously subjected to tension. Certain environmental factors such as air temperature within minutes can be stressful if the effects of other environmental factors such as soil moisture del monte grapefruit may be days or weeks or even months as minerals during lead the stresses that plants react to them that is the lack of water, frost, heat, salinity, oxygen deficiency in the root zone and air pollution.
Gahan performance in terms of water scarcity on water availability and water use efficiency of a plant. The plant is capable of acquiring more water or more water-use efficiency, and consistency will be more resistant to drought stress in some plants such as C 4 and CAM plants is their metabolic pathways, allowing them to take advantage

of the dry environments, as well as plants adaptation mechanisms are also activated in response to water stress.
At the onset of water stress, inhibition of cell growth, leaf expansion is reduced. The lower leaf surface to absorb less water from the soil and transpiration is reduced. Some water efficiently for a longer period in the soil is maintained. Restrictions on the leaf surface can be the first line of defense against drought.
After completion of the plant leaf surface facing the water, and eventually old leaves are falling. The sheet set has important long-term changes in the environment that improves the adaptation of plants to water deficit. The leaf loss during water stress, largely the result of increased synthesis and sensitivity to the plant hormone del monte grapefruit ethylene.
The continuing low levels of abscisic acid in leaves are made mostly

in the chloroplast del monte grapefruit accumulation in cells is Mesophile. del monte grapefruit When Mesophile with mild Psabydgy are two things happen. First, some of abscisic acid stored in the cells as free as possible Pvplast Mesophile the transpiration stream to transfer some of it to the guard cells. Secondly, the net production rate increases abscisic acid. Redistribution of abscisic acid in stomatal closure and stored into the chloroplast Mesophile Pvplast starts. After stomatal closure and abscisic acid started building del monte grapefruit seems to exacerbate or prolong the effects of the initial filtering by abscisic acid is stored.
A general effect of water stress during development, producing a thicker cuticle that reduces water loss from the epidermis. Thick cuticle also stops the absorption of CO 2, but this has no effect on leaf photosynthesis because photosynthesis do epidermal cells beneath the cuticle. However, only 5 to 10 percent of the total cuticular transpiration, leaf transpiration, so the cuticular transpiration is important if the stress is too severe or cuticle damage.
Chilling injury del monte grapefruit in sensitive species occurring in Hrarthayy degrees lower than normal for plant growth, but not enough to cause ice formation. The chilling injury in tropical species occur among crops, maize, beans, rice, tomatoes, cucumbers, sweet potatoes and cotton are susceptible. Examples of passion

flower and ornamental cabbage are tender. Genetic adaptation to low temperatures at altitude is increased resistance to frost. Moreover, if the plants are exposed to cold, cold, rigid and resistant to pests increased. If plants are slow and gradual exposure to cold, frost damage can be reduced to a minimum. Membrane properties change from cold damage. Leaf photosynthesis and transport of carbohydrates to avoid the cold damage, del monte grapefruit breathing slowly, preventing protein synthesis and protein loss show. All these reactions are likely to depend on the same basic mechanisms that cause changes in the membrane characteristics of frost is over.
A few species of higher plants at a constant temperature of 45 C survive. Higher plant cells or tissue that has lost its water and slowing growth, can be much higher temperatures than moist tissues and growing Sbzynhay del monte grapefruit survive. Are actively growing tissue that rarely survive in temperatures above 45 degrees Celsius., But seeds and pollen grains, dried at 120 C at 70 C and can handle. Some higher plants drivers (CAM) are consistent del monte grapefruit

heat conditions like FIG Hindi and tissue temperatures between 60 to 65 degrees Celsius in the summer and during the intense solar radiation

del monte grapefruit can handle.
Larger problem del monte grapefruit of salinity in agriculture del monte grapefruit due to the accumulation of salts in irrigation. Evapotranspiration, water vapor from the soil into the soil solution concentrated to remove residual salts. When water quality is low (ie, high solute concentration) and when proper drainage del monte grapefruit system to remove accumulated salt in the salt concentration of the water is not quickly reach a level of salinity is detrimental to sensitive species and The plant